2017智慧树Introduction to Psychology趣味心理学智慧树答案课后题答案

第一章

1

【单选题】(2分)

Theideathathumanbehaviorisgovernedbyaphysicalcomponentandanonphysical(i.e.,spiritual)componentisreferredtoas____A________.

A.dualism

B.materialism

C.empiricism

D.rationalism

2

【单选题】(2分)

WhatdoesLuigiGalvani'sresearchwithappliedelectricalcurrentssuggest? B

A.Humanbehaviourisacombinationofmechanicalandspiritualcomponents.

B.Humanbehaviouriscausedbyelectrochemicalprocesses.

C.Thebrainisdividedintoareasforspecifictasks.

D.Thebrainisnotdividedintoareasforspecifictasks.

3

【单选题】(2分)

WhoiscreditedwiththedevelopmentofCartesianDualism?  D

A.JohnLocke

B.JamesMills

C.LuigiGalvani

D.ReneDescartes

4

【单选题】(2分)

WhatphilosophicalviewofhumanbehaviorisbestsupportedbytheworkofPaulBroca? A

A.Materialism

B.Dualism

C.Empiricism

D.Existentialism

5

【单选题】(2分)

Accordingtomaterialism,whatisthecauseofhumanbehaviour? B

A.Spiritualinduction

B.Physicalmechanisms

C.Internalmotivations

D.Emotionalstates

6

【单选题】(2分)

Determiningwhethersomethingistrueorfalsebyobservingitthroughexperimentationiscalled__D___________.

A.naturalism

B.philosophy

C.inference

D.empiricism

7

【单选题】(2分)

WhatwasWilliamJamesmaincontributiontothefieldofPsychology? B

A.Conductingthefirstlaboratorybasedresearchexperiments

B.Generatingandpublishingideasaboutpsychologicaltopics

C.Measuringthespeedofneuraltransmissionrate

D.Trainingobservershowtoperformintrospection

8

【单选题】(2分)

Whoisrecognizedasbeingthefirstpsychologist? C

A.ErnstWeber

B.SigmundFreud

C.WilhelmWundt

D.HermannVonHelmholtz

9

【单选题】(2分)

Introspectionisatechniquewhereinapersonreflectsuponandreportstheirpersonalexperience.Earlyscientistscriticizedthistechniquebecauseitwas______D______.

A.Indirectandobjective

B.Directandsubjective

C.Directandobjective

D.Indirectandsubjective

10

【单选题】(2分)

AccordingtoFreud,psychologicalproblemsarisefromconflictbetweenthe______C____andthe________.

A.Id;Ego

B.Super-ego;Ego

C.Super-ego;Id

D.Conscious;Subconscious

11

【单选题】(2分)

AccordingtoFreud,whatisthepartofourpsychethatisinstinctuallydrivenbyourbasicneeds,wantsanddesires?  A

A.Id

B.Super-ego

C.Ego

D.Conscience

12

【单选题】(2分)

AccordingtoFreud,whatisthepartofthepsychethatattemptstobalanceimmediategratificationandsocietalnorms?  B

A.Super-ego

B.Ego

C.Id

D.Preconscious

13

 

【单选题】(2分)

WhatisthebestwaytodescribeFreudsapproachtopsychology?  A

A.Medical

B.Scientific

C.Empirical

D.Epistemological

14

【单选题】(2分)

AccordingtoFreud,whatisthepartofourpsychethatismostinterestedinmaintainingsocietalnormsanddecency?  C

A.Id

B.Ego

C.Super-ego

D.Personality

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第二章

1

【单选题】(2分)

Whatisthebranchofpsychologycalledwhereresearchersstudyhowgroupsworktogetherandpeopleinteractwitheachother?

A.IndividualPsychology

B.SocialPsychology

C.

HumanisticPsychology

D.Cross-culturalPsychology

2

【单选题】(2分)

Whichpartofthescientificprocessisobservationalresearchbestsuitedfor?

A.Generatinganswers

B.Generatingquestions

C.Establishingtheories

D.Refutingtheories

3

【单选题】(2分)

Iftheamountoftimeastudentspentstudyingwaspositivelycorrelatedwithgradesachieved,whatwouldweexpecttoseeifsomeonehadlowgrades?

A.Thestudentdidnotspendalotoftimestudying

B.Thestudentspentalotoftimestudying

C.Astrongnegativecorrelation

D.Thereisnotenoughinformationtodeterminecorrelation

4

【单选题】(2分)

Apositivecorrelationbetweentwovariablesmeansthatas_______.

A.onevariableincreases,theothervariableincreases

B.onevariableincreases,theothervariabledecreases

C.onevariabledecreases,theothervariablestaysthesame

D.onevariabledecreases,theothervariableincreases

5

【单选题】(2分)

Ascatterplotthatshowsatrendlinethattravelsdowntotherightwoulddemonstratewhattypeofcorrelation?

A.weakcorrelation

B.positivecorrelation

C.negativecorrelation

D.nocorrelation

6

【单选题】(2分)

WhatdoesSRstandforinbehavioralpsychology?

A.StimulusResponse

B.SecondaryReaction

C.SelectiveResponse

D.StimulationReaction

7

【单选题】(2分)

WhatdidtheLittleAlbertExperimenttellusabouttherelationbetweenstimuliandresponses?

A.Responsestostimulicannotbeconditioned

B.Responsestostimulicanbeconditioned

C.Conditionedresponsescanbeeliminated

D.Conditionedresponsescannotbeeliminated

8

【单选题】(2分)

Whydoescognitivepsychologyconsiderthecomputertobegoodanalogyofthehumanbrain?

A.Itrecordsinformationasbinarycode

B.Itstoresvastquantitiesofinformation

C.Itsoperationscannotbeseen

D.Itprocessesinputandgeneratesoutput

9

【单选题】(2分)

Whatpracticemakespsychologyascienceratherthanjustacollectionofideasandarguments?

A.Formaldebates

B.Publishingjournalarticles

C.Experimentation

D.Publicfunding

第三章

1

【单选题】(2分)

At-testisaratioof___________to___________.

A.expectedvalues;observedvalues

B.between-groupdifferences;within-groupdifferences

C.

success;failure

D.highestscores;lowestscores

2

【单选题】(2分)

At-testisanexampleof__________statistics.

A.descriptive

B.inferential

C.scientific

D.conclusive

3

【单选题】(2分)

Theuppercurvesofthebrainarecalled______________,whilethedeepgroovesarecalled________________.

A.fissures,gyri

B.gyri,greymatter

C.gyri,fissures

D.whitematter,fissures

4

【单选题】(2分)

Whatistheorderofneuronstructuresfromreceivinginformation,processinginformationandsendinginformation?

A.dendrites,cellbody,axon

B.axonterminal,cellbody,dendrites

C.terminalbuttons,dendrites,cellbody

D.synapticcleft,cellbody,dendrites

5

【单选题】(2分)

Whydoesthesurfaceofthebraincontainfolds?

A.Theylookstylish

B.Pressurefromcerebralfluids

C.Tomatchthegroovesontheinsideoftheskull

D.Theyallowformorebraintissuetofitintheskull

6

【单选题】(2分)

Constrictingpupils,stimulateddigestiveandsalivationactivityandconstrictinglungsareduetotheactivationofthe_________________system.

A.sympathetic

B.parasympathetic

C.centralnervous

D.somatic

7

【单选题】(2分)

Theperipheralnervoussystemlinksthebraintothe_________.

A.spinalcord

B.centralnervoussystem

C.body

D.skeletalsystem

8

【单选题】(2分)

Whyisthebrainstemconsideredtobeareptiliansystem?

A.Itispresentinallreptiles

B.Itisshapedlikeasnake

C.Itisattachedtothebrainstem

D.Itisaprimitivebrainstructure

9

【单选题】(2分)

Damagetowhichstructureofthebrainwouldresultindeficitsinmotorlearningandtheproductionofuncoordinatedmovements?

A.Cerebellum

B.Medulla

C.Pons

D.Amygdala


第四章

【单选题】(2分)

Whatimpairmentwouldyouexpecttoseeinanindividualwithdamagetotheirprimaryvisualcortex?

A.Colorblindness

B.Blackspotsintheirfieldofvision

C.

Inattentionalblindness

D.Problemswithdepthperception

2

【单选题】(2分)

Whatistheprocesscalledinwhichthebrainorganizesandinterpretsvisualinformation?

A.Sensation

B.Proprioception

C.Perception

D.Visualorganization

3

【单选题】(2分)

Seeingasmall,red,shinyobjectisknownas______________,whereasknowingthisobjectisanappleisknownas_____________.

A.sensation;perception

B.perception;sensation

C.proprioception;sensation

D.perception;proprioception

4

【单选题】(2分)

Anindividualwhoisunabletounderstandspeechwouldmostlikelyhavedamagetowhichareainthetemporallobe?

A.Brocas

B.Somatosensorycortex

C.Cerebellum

D.Wernickes

5

【单选题】(2分)

Whatistheprimaryroleofthetemporallobe?

A.Auditoryprocessing

B.Visualprocessing

C.Posturalbalance

D.Motorfunctioning

6

【单选题】(2分)

Whatisthetermthatreferstoknowledgeofwhereapersonsbodypartsarelocatedinspace?

A.Localization

B.Proprioception

C.Nociception

D.Psorioception

7

【单选题】(2分)

Whyismorecorticaltissueinthesomatosensorycortexdevotedtothelipsthantotheelbows?

A.Lipsarelargerthantheelbow

B.Weuseourlipsmorethanweuseourelbows

C.Lipsrequiremoresensoryinput

D.Elbowsrequiremoresensoryinput

8

单选题】(2分)

Whatisthetermusedtodescribetheinabilitytoswitchstrategiesfollowingdamagetothefrontallobes?

A.Perseverationerrors

B.Disruptivebehavioralstrategies

C.Noncommittalphobia

D.Obsessivedetermination

9

【单选题】(2分)

Whatistheprimaryroleofthefrontallobes?

A.Memorystorageandretrieval

B.Complexcognitivefunctions

C.Auditoryprocessing

D.Motorinput


第五章

1

【单选题】(2分)

Severingwhatbrainstructureresultsinsplitbrainsyndrome?

A.Corpuscallosum

B.Cerebellum

C.

Whitecorticalmatter

D.Frontallobe

2

【单选题】(2分)

Whatistherawinputofinformationorsignalsfromtheenvironmentcalled?

A.Perception

B.Proprioception

C.Sensation

D.Transduction

3

【单选题】(2分)

Whatcellsintheeyeareresponsibleforedgedetection?

A.Ganglion

B.Bipolar

C.Edge

D.Fovea

4

【单选题】(2分)

Whatphotoreceptorsoftheeyesreacttolotsoflightorcolor?

A.Cones

B.Rods

C.Retina

D.Pupil

5

【单选题】(2分)

Weareabletosense________.

A.mostoftheenergycomingatus,probablymorethan90%

B.alloftheenergycomingatusfromtheworld

C.energythatiscomingfromsourcesotherthatthoseintheworldaroundus

6

【单选题】(2分)

Conesaremorecommonatthe______oftheeyewhereasrodsaremorecommoninthe________.

A.periphery;fovea

B.focalpoint;iris

C.fovea;periphery

D.back;front

7

【单选题】(2分)

Understandinghowvisualelementsgrouptogetherwasamajorfocusofthosestudying__________psychology.

A.psychophysical

B.developmental

C.social

D.gestalt

8

【单选题】(2分)

Whenwelookatsomevisualscene,whatwetendtoconsciouslysee___________.

A.arepatternsoflightanddark

B.arelinesandshapesatdifferingorientiations

C.isacollectionofobjects

D.arepatchesofcolour


第六章

1

【单选题】(2分)

AtwhatagedochildrenbegintodevelopaTheoryofMind?

A.1-2yrs

B.3-5yrs

C.5-7yrs

D.7-9yrs

2

【单选题】(2分)

Whatisthecapacitytoevaluateourselvesandouractionsfromtheperspectiveofanotherpersoncalled?

A.ExternalPerspective

B.Introspection

C.TheoryofMind

D.

SocialEvaluation

3

【单选题】(2分)

Ifgeneticsisplayingastrongroleintheproductionofabehaviour,thenwewouldexpectidenticaltwinstohave________concordanceonmeasuresofthatbehaviour.

A.low

B.high

C.some

D.no

4

【单选题】(2分)

Whatistheevolutionaryprocesswhereinbeneficialtraitsthatpromotesurvivalarepasseddownfromparenttochildcalled?

A.GeneticSelection

B.ArtificialSelection

C.ReproductiveSelection

D.NaturalSelection

5

【单选题】(2分)

Accordingtobehaviourists,thegraspingreflexinhumanbabiesandtheimprintingbehavioursinbabyducksarebothexamplesof_________behaviours.

A.learned

B.innate

C.primitive

D.infantile

6

【单选题】(2分)

Whatistheinhibitionofinappropriatenaturalresponsestoastimulusafterrepeatedexposurescalled?

A.Conditioning

B.Addition

C.Discontinuation

D.Habituation

7

【单选题】(2分)

If,afterdoingmanyconditioningtrials,aresearcherpresentstheconditionedstimulusbutDOESNOTfollowitwiththeunconditionedstimulus,theresearchislikely

examining_______.

A.extinction

B.counter-conditioning

C.unlearning

D.spontaneousrecovery

8

【单选题】(2分)

Thegrasping,steppingandcrawlingreflexesallillustratethatsomebehaviours___________.

A.canbelearnedevenwhileinthewomb

B.donothavetobelearned

C.aredifferentindifferentcultures

D.aredifferentfordifferentgenders


第七章

1

【单选题】(2分)

Throughobservationallearningchildrenwilloften________thenegativebehaviourstheyseearoundthem.

A.mimic

B.avoid

C.report

D.ignore

2

【单选题】(2分)

AlbertBandurasresearchonobservationallearninginchildrenshowedthatwhenachildseesanotherchildhitaBobodoll,heorshewasmorelikelyto_________the

doll.

A.comfort

B.fix

C.hit

D.ignore

3

【单选题】(2分)

Whatisthecomponentofworkingmemorythatisusedtosolveproblems?

A.SensoryInput

B.CentralExecutive

C.

VisuospatialSketchpad

D.PhonologicalLoop

4

【单选题】(2分)

Whatmemorysystemismostcloselyrelatedtoourconsciousexperienceoftheworld?

A.ProceduralMemory

B.WorkingMemory

C.EpisodicMemory

D.SemanticMemory

5

【单选题】(2分)

Existingmemoriescanbeusedas___________cuestohelpyouremembernewinformation.

A.retrieval

B.encoding

C.episodic

D.semantic

6

【单选题】(2分)

Intermsofmemory,whatisprimarytheproblemwithusingeye-witnesstestimonyasevidenceinlegalcases?

A.Itcanleadto"hesaid,shesaid"situation

B.Memoriesareaffectedbythewayquestionsareasked

C.Therearenoproblemswitheye-witnesstestimony

D.Thewitnesscouldeasilylieabouttheevent

7

【单选题】(2分)

Whensomebitofinformationisencounteredacrossrepeatedbutdifferentcontexts,thatinformationultimatelyresidesin_________.

A.episodicmemory

B.proceduralmemory

C.semanticmemory

D.musclememory

8

【单选题】(2分)

"Memory"shouldbestbethoughtofasa__________.

A.singularverb

B.Pluralverb

C.pluralnoun

D.singularnoun

正确

·第八章

1

【单选题】(2分)

Learninganewskill,suchastyingashoelace,isanexampleofwhattypeofmemory?

A.

Episodic

B.Semantic

C.Procedural

D.Perceptual

2

【单选题】(2分)

Whatisthetermforapersonwhopretendstobeaparticipantinanexperiment,butisactuallyworkingwiththeexperimenters?

A.Dupe

B.Confederate

C.Confabulator

D.Imitator

3

【单选题】(2分)

Whatdidthe"Milgram"experiment,inwhichparticipantswereaskedtoinflictelectricalshocksonotherparticipants,tellusabouttheinfluenceauthoritycanhaveon

theaverageperson?

A.Mostpeoplewillconformtoauthorityevenwhenaskedtoperformimmoralorunethicalbehaviors

B.Mostpeoplewillconformtoauthorityunlessaskedtoperformimmoralorunethicalbehaviors

C.Mostpeoplerejectauthorityandrefusedtoevenparticipateintheexperiment

D.Everypersonwillconformtoauthorityevenwhenaskedtoperformimmoralorunethicalbehaviors

4

【单选题】(2分)

Apersonwhoclaimsthatanegativepersonaleventistheresultoftheirsituationorotherpeople'sbehaviorisdemonstratinga(n)__________locusofcontrol.

A.internal

B.

deferred

C.external

D.ulterior

5

【单选题】(2分)

Whathypothesisassertsthatgoodthingshappenstogoodpeopleandbadthingshappentobadpeople?

A.JustWorld

B.NewTestament

C.KarmicLaw

D.NaturalBalance

6

【单选题】(2分)

Ashprovidedseveralexperimentsshowingthatpeoplewillagreewithothersevenwhentheyknowthoseothersarewrong.Thissortofbehaviouriscalled__________.

A.individuation

B.peer-connectedness

C.conformity

D.sheepwalking

7

【单选题】(2分)

Oneofthenegativesofthehumantendencytoconformisthat_______.

A.itcanmakepeoplenotthinkabouttherationalbasisofcertainbehaviours.

B.itmakespeoplefeelmorecomfortablewithothers.

C.itprovokespeopletocomeupwith"crazyideas".

D.

itmakespeoplefeelboredwithlife.

8

【单选题】(2分)

ParticipantsinMilgram'sexperimentsonauthoritybelievedtheywere___________.

A.designingabetterwayofdoingtests

B.causingpainandsufferingtoanother

C.informingresearchonprejudiceanddiscrimination

D.helpingtounderstandthepsychologicalcomponentsofstress

·第九章


1

【单选题】(2分)

Onaverage,amanwillperceivewomenasmoreattractivewhentheirswaistsare_______tenthsthesizeoftheirhips.

A.seven

B.six

C.eight

D.nine

2

【单选题】(2分)

Onaverage,apersonwillfindanotherpersonmoreattractiveiftheotherpersonhas_________pupils.

A.smaller

B.darker

C.lighter

D.larger

3

【单选题】(2分)

AmajorrecentconceptualshiftbetweentheDSM-IVandtheDSM-Visthatthediagnosisofmentaldisordersisnowregardedmoreasa______________andlessofa

______________.

A.continuum;classification

B.classification;continuum

C.art;science

D.science;art

4

【单选题】(2分)

Whentalkingaboutmentaldisorders,whatistheprimarycautionthatStevehasrepeatedlymade?

A.Mentaldisordersareextremelyrare

B.Weallhaveoneormorementaldisorders,evenifundiagnosed

C.Learningaboutmentaldisordersmakesyouseethemeverywhere

D.Allpersonswithmentaldisordersaredangerous

5

【单选题】(2分)

Whatismultiplepersonalitydisordernowcalled?

A.

DissociativeAmnesia

B.DissociativeIdentityDisorder

C.DissociativeFugue

D.DoubleDissociation

6

【单选题】(2分)

Apersonwithamentaldisorderthatcausesthemtoconstantlythinkthatthereshoelaceiscominguntied,andthereforecontinuallybendsdowntochecktheirshoe

laceslikelyhaswhatdisorder?

A.PostTraumaticStressDisorder

B.RecurringThoughtDisorder

C.ImpulseControlDisorder

D.ObsessiveCompulsiveDisorder

7

【单选题】(2分)

Whathasapersonexperiencedifheorshecan'trememberanythingabouttheirlifeand,thus,startsanentirelynewlife--onlytohavetheoriginalmemoriesreturn

severalyearslater?

A.DissociativeFugue

B.DissociativeIdentityDisorder

C.DissociativeAmnesia

D.DoubleDissociation

8

【单选题】(2分)

Whatclassofmentaldisordersarepregnantwomenparticularlysusceptibleto?

A.Personality

B.

Dissociative

C.Emotional

D.Anxiety

9

【单选题】(2分)

Whatmentaldisorderischaracterizedbyextremeemotionalhighsfollowedbyextremeemotionallows?

A.HypomanicDisorder

B.EmotionalInstabilityDisorder

C.BipolarDisorder

D.MajorDepressiveDisorder

第十章

1

【单选题】(2分)

Whattypeofschizophreniacausesthepersontobecomerigidandunabletomove?

A.Paranoid

B.Catatonic

C.Disorganized

D.Residual

2

【单选题】(2分)

Inschizophrenia,whatisthetermforthesymptoms,suchasauditoryhallucinations,thatcausetheadditionofnon-existentinformationtoaperson'sperceptionofthe

world?

A.Positive

B.Negative

C.Illusory

D.Inductive

3

【单选题】(2分)

Whatisthecommontermforthemostextremeversionofapersonwithanti-socialpersonalitydisorder?

A.Sociopathy

B.Psychopathy

C.MaladjustmentDisorder

D.Reclusivity

4

【单选题】(2分)

Freud'spracticeofpsychoanalysisisanexampleofwhattypeoftherapy?

A.Hypnosis

B.Client-Centered

C.Insight

D.Cognitive-Behavioral

5

【单选题】(2分)

Whattypeofpsychologicaltherapydoesnotdirectthepatient,butinsteadprovideshelpandsupporttothepatient,withthegoaloflettingthepatienthelpthemselves?

A.Psychoanalysis

B.Humanistic

C.Hypnosis

D.Cognitive-Behavioral

6

【单选题】(2分)

Whattypeoftherapywouldmostlikelybeusedforapersontryingtoovercomeafearofheights?

A.Humanistic

B.Psychoanalysis

C.SystematicDesensitization

D.Hypnosis

7

【单选题】(2分)

Theoryofmindreferstotheabilitytoknowwhatsomeoneelseis:

A.Feeling

B.Thinking

C.Seeing

D.Doing

8

【单选题】(2分)

Client-centeredtherapyisoneexampleofa(n)_________therapy.

A.psychoanalytic

B.cognitive-behavioural

C.humanist

D.insight